What Are The Characteristics Of Magnetic Materials

What are the characteristics of magnetic materials? Magnetic Materials A material that responds in a certain way to a magnetic field is called a magnetic material. According to the magnetic strength of the material in the external magnetic field, it can be divided into diamagnetic material, paramagnetic material, ferromagnetic material, antiferromagnetic material and ferrimagnetic material.

1. Even in the absence of an external magnetic field, there is still a permanent magnetic moment in each small region (magnetic domain) inside the material. However, when there is no external magnetic field in an unmagnetized magnetic material, the direction of the magnetic moment of each magnetic domain is arbitrarily distributed, and its vector sum is zero, so the material as a whole has no magnetism.

2. Easy to magnetize. This is because under the action of the external magnetic field, the magnetic moment direction of each magnetic domain tries to turn to the direction of the magnetic field, so a large magnetic induction intensity B can be obtained. According to the formula B=μrB0 (B0 is the magnetic induction in vacuum), the relative permeability μr of the magnetic material is very large. In fact, the μr of magnetic materials reaches 10-10, while the μr of non-magnetic materials is 1.

3. There is a phenomenon of magnetic saturation, that is, B increases with the increase of H, but when it increases to a certain value Bs, it will no longer increase with H. BS is the saturation magnetic induction of the magnetic material. The reason for the saturation phenomenon is that the magnetic moments of all magnetic domains turn to the direction of the magnetic field when H reaches a certain value. For this reason, B and H do not have a linear relationship, so the permeability is not constant, but related to the strength of the magnetic field.

4. There is hysteresis. That is, the change of the magnetic induction lags behind the change of the magnetic field.